Python 开发环境配置

04 May 2013

setuptools

Download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages – easily!

去https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools找到合适的蛋。我当前用的是python2.7，所以选择了setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg。

命令行下下载蛋：

curl -o https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.7/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg#md5=fe1f997bc722265116870bc7919059ea

安装：

sudo sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg

然后就可以使用esay_install命令来安装包了。

pip

A tool for installing and managing Python packages.

不要困惑，pip和setuptools都是python的包管理工具，其实setuptools我没用过，只是用它来装pip。会用了pip，就没有动力再去学其他的了。

安装：

sudo easy_install pip

借用官网上的quick start：

安装包：

$ pip install SomePackage==1.0
[...]
Successfully installed SomePackage

查看安装了那些文件：

$ pip show --files SomePackage
Name: SomePackage
Version: 1.0
Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
Files:
  ../somepackage/__init__.py
  [...]

查看哪些包过期了：

$ pip list --outdated
      SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

更新包

$ pip install --upgrade SomePackage
      [...]
      Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
      Uninstalling SomePackage:
        Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
      Running setup.py install for SomePackage
      Successfully installed SomePackage

卸载包

$ pip uninstall SomePackage
Uninstalling SomePackage:
    /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
    Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

查看安装了哪些包

(flask)➜  ~  pip freeze
Babel==0.9.6
BeautifulSoup==3.2.1
Flask==0.9
Flask-Babel==0.8
Flask-Login==0.1.3
Flask-Mail==0.7.6
Flask-OpenID==1.1.1
Flask-SQLAlchemy==0.16
Flask-Script==0.5.3
Flask-Uploads==0.1.3
Flask-WTF==0.8.2
Flask-WhooshAlchemy==0.55a
Jinja2==2.6
Markdown==2.3.1
Pygments==1.6
SQLAlchemy==0.7.9

从依赖文件安装包
- 依赖文件requirements.txt格式如下：

    flask=0.9
    ipython
    babel>=0.2
    ...

* 安装命令为：

     $ pip install -r requirements.txt

##virtualenv virtualenv可以用来创建虚拟的，独立的python开发环境，你可以在某一环境安装所需的python库，而不会影响到其他环境。

$ sudo pip install virtualenv

然后就可以创建虚拟环境了：

$ virtualenv my_env
$ . my_env/bin/activate
(my_env)$ pip install SomePackage

##virtualenvwrapper

顾名思义，它是virtualenv的扩展，提供了更加易用的命令。

安装

$ pip install virtualenvwrapper

创建：

$ mkvirtualenv env1
Installing
distribute..........................................
....................................................
....................................................
...............................done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts Creating /Users/dhellmann/Envs/env1/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts Creating /Users/dhellmann/Envs/env1/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts Creating /Users/dhellmann/Envs/env1/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts Creating /Users/dhellmann/Envs/env1/bin/postactivate  New python executable in env1/bin/python

切换

(env2)$ workon env1
(env1)$

python 7